Objective: To identify the association between the presence or absence of nasal polyposis and the type 2 inflammation profile.

Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study of patients aged 18 years with a diagnosis of chronic rhinosinusitis followed up at the Otorhinolaryngology service of a university hospital was conducted. The patients were divided into two groups based on nasal endoscopy: group 1 (with polyposis) and group 2 (without polyposis). The characterization of the type 2 immune response was defined in relation to eosinophil count in peripheral blood >250cells/μL, total IgE >100IU/mL, sensitization to aeroallergens and staphylococcal enterotoxins or presence of asthma.

Results: 160 patients with chronic rinossinusitis were included, 137 with polyposis and 23 without polyposis. 56% were female and the mean age was 60 years. The prevalence of asthma was 89.4%, higher in patients without polyposis (70.59%) than in those with polyposis (57.14%) (p=0.3). Sensitivity to some aeroallergen was 66.9%, higher in patients without polyposis (66.67%) than in those with polyposis (42.11%) (p=0.1). The prevalence of patients with eosinophils >250cells/μL was 69.54%, higher in patients with polyposis (70.77%) than in those without polyposis (61.90%) (p=0.41). The median of seeric eosinophilia was 390cells/μL, higher in patients with polyposis (423.5cells/μL) than in those without polyposis (310cells/μL) (p=0.03). The prevalence of patients with IgE >100IU/mL was 55.74%, higher in patients with polyposis (56.88%) than in those without polyposis (46.15%). The median dose of erric IgE was 154IU/mL, being 158IU/mL in patients with polyposis and 50IU/mL in patients without polyposis (p=0.1).

Conclusion: There was no relationship between phenotypic and endotypic classifications, because both patients with and without polyposis presented type 2 inflammatory response markers.

Keywords: Sinusitis; Phenotype; Th2 cells.