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There was an increase of 47 Hz in fundamental frequency after glottoplasty.

There was no worsening in other acoustic measures and quality of voice.

Voice-related quality of life improved after surgery.

Glottoplasty was safe and effective for feminizing the voice of transgender women.

The literature is scarce in demonstrating the correlation between the degree of severity of retractions and the degree of hearing loss.

To analyse the differences in the location, the severity, and the air-bone gap of moderate and severe tympanic membrane retractions.

After a global analysis of the behavior these retractions, we observed the need for classifications that evaluate them globally.

Identification of these gaps in literature is relevant so that the focus may be shifted on these topics and proper studies may be implemented.

Honey has effectiveness accelerates and facilitates wound healing.

Gargling with honey led to reduced pain following tonsillectomy.

Honey was found to lower prostaglandin levels and elevate nitric oxide.

Honey can be used as an adjunctive regimen after surgery for better pain control.

Honey is easy to use, safe to consume orally and available at low cost locally.

Surgical decompression of the labyrinthine segment of the facial nerve is important.

The main approach is the middle fossa approach, which has serious morbidities.

It is also possible to reach the labyrinthine segment by transmastoid approach.

Detailed anatomic knowledge about surgical area for the transmastoid approach is essential.

The amount of interfascicular connective tissue in sensory and motor nerves.

Which nerve graft seems more logical for facial nerve anastomosis.

Axons number of great auricular nerve.

3D model adequate for training in laryngeal endoscopic surgery.

Simulation of different vocal fold lesions.

Learning and teaching of laryngeal microsurgery in the laboratory.

Surgical training with low cost, accessibility and replicability.

New technologies for acquiring surgical skills.

Learning difficulty.

Phoniatric assessment in learning disorders.

Phoniatrics and reading and writing learning disorders.

Phoniatric assessment and neurodevelopmental disorder.

Rupatadine is the most effective for allergic rhinitis among various oral H1 antihistamines.

Rupatadine 20 mg is more effective for allergic rhinitis than rupatadine 10 mg.

Loratadine 10 mg has inferior efficacy for allergic rhinitis to the other oral H1 antihistamines.

Postoperative pain intensities following tonsillectomy regularly reach high levels.

So far there is no effective evidence-based treatment concept.

Strong opioids for pain treatment have not been evaluated yet.

Patient Controlled Intravenous Analgesia is effective in multiple disciplines.

After tonsillectomy opioids are not a necessary and effective therapeutic option.

There are very few studies on the functional success of the endoscopic ossiculoplasty.

Incus interposition and bone cement utilization were evaluated unlike the previous studies.

Endoscopic approach in various ossiculoplasties is reliable as the microscopic one.

Type of ossiculoplasty has no effect on the functional success of either approach.

Subglottic ectopic thymic tissue is rare and unexpected cause of stridor in children.

The knowledge of the typical ultrasonographic features can provide a hint to make a definitive diagnosis before surgery.

Modified laryngofissure may be an effective approach to removing the subglottic ectopic thymus and reconstructing the intact subglottic mucosa.

The goat ear anatomy model is highly accessible in developing countries.

The goat's external auditory canal is tortuous and long.

The goat bone canal has a bony prominence in its lower portion.

It is necessary to drill the bone prominence to visualize the entire tympanic membrane.

The goat model allows training with an endoscope and otological surgery steps.

The facial nerve may not be routinely dissected in minimally invasive parotid surgery.

Facial nerve stimulator might be used as a navigation tool to estimate the distance to the nerve.

The distance to the nerve can be predicted by increasing the stimulus intensity.

The facial nerve is stimulated from an average of 2.20 ± 0.76 mm (range 1–3 mm) when the stimulus intensity is 1 mA.

Distance to the major branches of the facial nerve can also be predicted with the stimulator.

The benefits of corticosteroid after facial nerve neurorrhaphy are questionable.

Corticosteroid was not provided benefits after coaptation in complete transection.

The benefits were judged by electrophysiology, histology, and functional recovery.

Prominent ear deformity is the most common congenital head and neck deformity.

Various techniques have been described for prominent ear correction.

Modified bilateral fasciaperichondrial flap technique is used with low complications.

Endoscopic percutaneous suture lateralization is an effective and safe treatment for bilateral vocal fold paralysis.

89% of our cases were able to avoid tracheostomy without significant impact on the function of swallowing or phonation.

The nondestructive nature and simplicity of ESPL is valuable.

The images allowed a reliable diagnosis of ear pathologies.

There was a high diagnostic agreement between the two evaluated methods.

The feasibility of using the device in clinical practice was demonstrated.

Eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis is a poor prognosis and refractory disease.

We assessed the long-term endoscopic outcomes after surgery and following treatment.

Early postoperative endoscopic findings are a predictive factor for the later outcomes.

Higher endoscopic score of 3 months post operation indicates poor long-term prognosis.

Reflux laryngitis is highly prevalent in the adult population sharing symptoms of laryngeal and pharyngeal inflammation with a number of inflammatory, infectious and traumatic conditions.

Diagnosis of Laryngopharyngeal Reflux is challenging and mainly based on suggestive symptoms and videolaryngoscopic signs of inflammation. Objective tests, such as prolonged esophageal ph-metry and impedance-pHmetry, are costly and have low sensitivity.

To minimize the subjectivity of clinical diagnosis for Laryngopharyngeal Reflux a number of scores have been proposed, being the most widely used the Reflux Symptom Index (RSI) and the Reflux Finding Score (RFS).

The current study used the RSI and the RFS to try to differentiate between the most common causes of inflammatory and traumatic chronic pharyngitis and laryngitis.